风扇空气活门
一、名称
Fan air valve
风扇空气活门
二、件号
6733A030000
三、章节号
36-11-24
四、适用机型
A330/A340
五、系统
36 PNEUMATIC
气源
六、安装位置
发动机吊架区域
七、部件原理
C. Detailed Description
The Fan Air Valve (FAV) has two primary elements:
– A valve body with a butterfly (Refer to Figure 2).
– A pneumatic actuator (Refer to Figure 3).
详细说明
风扇空气活门 (FAV) 有两个主要部件：
– 带蝶板的活门壳体（参见图 2）。
– 气动作动器（参见图 3）。
(1) Valve Body with Butterfly (Refer to Figure 2).
(a) The valve body made of rolled stainless steel of a 203.2 mm (8 in) nominal diameter,comprises the parts that follow:
– One welded JANITROL type end fitting
– Two welded bosses that support the bearings
– A welded support plate for the pneumatic actuator and the microswitch unit also attached by welding.
(b) The butterfly is held by shaft. A sealing ring does sealing between the butterfly and the body.
(c) Butterfly is attached to shaft with one key secured with a nut.
(d) Shaft is maintained by two ball bearings. A set of shims installed against the lower ball bearing takes up the play of the external ball bearing cage.
(e) Two sealing rings are installed into the upper and lower supports and does external sealing.These rings hold the sealing system in position and prevent foreign particles to get into the bearings.
(f) The lever, attached to shaft with two holes, transmits the movement of the pneumatic actuator piston to shaft and butterfly.
(g) The manual control indicates the position of butterfly. It also lets the locking of the valve in the closed position with a knurled screw.
(h) The downstream end fitting has a foolproofing system to do the correct positioning of the unit on the aircraft.
(i) Four holes are drilled into the upstream end fitting.
(1)带蝶板的活门壳体（参见图 2）。
(a) 活门壳体由公称直径 203.2 毫米（8 英寸）的轧制不锈钢制成，包括以下部件：
– 一个焊接的 JANITROL 类型末端接头
– 两个支撑轴承的焊接的凸台
– 一块焊接的支撑板，用于支撑气动执行器和微动开关装置。
(b) 蝶板由轴固定。密封环在蝶板和阀体之间起密封作用。
(c) 蝶板通过一个用螺母固定的销子连接到轴上。
(d) 轴由两个滚珠轴承保持。安装在下滚珠轴承上的一组垫片可消除外部滚珠轴承保持架的间隙。
(e) 两个密封环安装在上下支架上，起外部密封作用。这些密封环将密封系统固定在适当位置，防止外来颗粒进入轴承。
(f) 杠杆通过两个孔连接到轴上，将气动作动器活塞的运动传递到轴和蝶板上。
(g) 手动控制器指示蝶板的位置。它还可以通过滚花螺钉将活门锁定在关闭位置。
(h) 下游端接头上有一个万无一失的系统，可确保装置在飞机上的正确定位。
(i) 上游端配件上钻有四个孔。
(2) Pneumatic Actuator (Refer to Figure 3).
(a) The body made of cast light alloy has two guide bores whose contact surface with the piston is chemically nickel treated.
(b) A piston is held in position by graphite guide rings. Two sealing rings and one expander ring do the sealing between the piston and the body.
(c) A rod is connected to the piston with a clevis attached to the piston. It rotates a lever which is attached to the butterfly shaft and therefore does the movement of the butterfly. The rodlever connection is done by a pin and a washer-retaining ring system.
(d) Microswitches are electrically supplied through the electrical connector and indicate the position of the butterfly. The “fully open” and “fully closed” positions are thus known.
(e) A spring holds the fan air valve in the closed position as long as the start of opening threshold pressure, a value greater than 0.3 bar rel. (4.35 psig) is not reached.
(f) The control chamber is supplied through a banjo union equipped with an overpressure valve which protects the valve above a threshold of 1 bar rel. (14.5 psig).
(g) A cover is attached to the actuator body and has the components that follow:
1 An adjusting screw that lets the adjustment of the piston travel range when the valve is fully closed.
2 A thermal fuse that causes the valve to close in the event of a fire.
3 A ground test union used to make sure of the correct valve operation on the aircraft,without engine operation.
4 An air vent knurled screw used for the manual closing of the valve by venting the actuator opening chamber. This screw is also used to lock the valve by locking the manual control on the valve body.
(2) 气动作动器（参见图 3）。
(a) 由轻合金铸成的壳体有两个导向孔，其与活塞的接触面经过化学镍处理。
(b) 活塞由石墨导向环固定。两个密封环和一个膨胀环在活塞和主体之间起密封作用。
(c) 活塞杆与活塞相连，活塞杆上有一个U型夹。它带动连接到蝶板轴上的杠杆旋转，从而实现蝶板运动。杆与杆的连接是通过一个销钉和一个垫圈固定环系统完成的。
(d) 微动开关通过电气连接器供电，指示蝶板的位置。因此可以知道 “全开 ”和 “全关 ”的位置。
(e) 只要没有达到开启阈值压力（大于 0.3 bar rel. (4.35 psig)），弹簧就会将风扇空气活门保持在关闭位置。
(f) 控制腔通过一个装有超压阀的banjo接头供应，超压阀可在超过 1 bar rel.（14.5 psig）的临界值时保护活门。
(g) 作动器本体上有一个盖子，其组成部分如下：
1 当活门完全关闭时，可调节活塞行程范围的调节螺杆。
2 热熔断器，在发生火灾时使活门关闭。
3 一个地面测试装置，用于在不操作发动机的情况下确保活门在飞机上的正确操作。
4 排气滚花螺钉，用于手动关闭阀门，给作动器的开启腔排气。该螺钉还用于通过锁定活门壳体上的手动控制器来锁定活门。
2. Operation (Refer to Figure 4)
The Fan Air Valve is used to deliver a cooling air flow to precooler exchanger in accordance with the temperature of the charge (hot) air outlet of the precooler exchanger.
The charge air outlet temperature of the precooler exchanger is sensed by a control thermostat which modulates the pressure into the control chamber of the pneumatic actuator.
When the control chamber A is not supplied with air pressure, the pneumatic actuator spring keeps the piston against the adjusting screw, thus keeps the butterfly in the fully closed position.
As soon as the air is delivered to the control chamber A pressure rises: the butterfly starts to open with a servo-pressure greater than 0.3 bar rel. (4.36 psig) and is fully open with a servo-pressure less than or equal to 0.55 bar rel. (7.97 psig).Between those two extreme positions, butterfly modulates the cooling airflow to the precooler exchanger (Refer to Figure 4).
2. 操作 （参见图 4）
FAV用于根据预冷却器交换器的增压（热）气出口温度向预冷却器交换器输送冷却气流。
预冷却器交换器的空气出口温度由控制恒温器感应，该恒温器调节进入气动作动器控制腔的压力。
当控制腔 A 没有气压供应时，气动作动器弹簧会使活塞顶住调节螺杆，从而使蝶板保持在完全关闭的位置。
一旦向控制腔 A 输送空气，压力就会上升：当伺服压力大于 0.3 bar rel. （4.36 psig）时，蝶板开始打开；当伺服压力小于或等于 0.55 bar rel. （7.97 psig）时，蝶板完全打开。
A spring holds the fan air valve in the closed position as long as the threshold pressure for initiation of valve opening is not reached. A thermal fuse causes the valve to close in the event of fire and a test intake is provided to check valve correct operation on the aircraft.
Microswitches indicate the valve fully open and fully closed positions.
The position of the butterfly is given by a mechanical position indicator. Furthermore, the position indicator has a threaded hole which enables the butterfly to be locked in the closed position,using an air vent knurled screw which vents the actuator opening chamber when removed from the actuator.
只要没有达到活门开启的临界压力，弹簧就会将FAV保持在关闭位置。如果发生火灾，热熔断器会使活门关闭，并提供了一个测试进气口，以检查活门在飞机上的正确操作。
微动开关指示活门的全开和全关位置。
蝶板的位置由机械位置指示器提供。此外，位置指示器上还有一个螺纹孔，可将蝶板锁定在关闭位置，并使用一个排气滚花螺钉，在从作动器上取下时对作动器开口腔进行排气。
FAN AIR VALVE (FAV)
The FAV pneumatically regulates the fan airflow to the precooler for bleed air temperature regulation.
The valve is pneumatically controlled by the FAV ThC which supplies and controls the FAV motive pressure depending on the precooler outlet temperature. Without motive pressure the FAV is spring-loaded closed.
The FAV ThC has two temperature probes corresponding to the two temperature settings selected by means of a solenoid.
Fully Open (FO) and Fully Closed (FC) microswitches are installed on the valve for monitoring. For maintenance purposes, the FAV has a mechanical position indicator and a threaded hole which lets the butterfly be locked in the closed position with the vent screw.
风扇空气活门 (FAV)
风扇空气活门（FAV）用于气动调节进入预冷却器的风扇气流，以调节排气温度。
该阀由 FAV ThC 气动控制，后者根据预冷却器出口温度提供并控制 FAV 动压。在没有动压的情况下，FAV 采用弹簧加载方式关闭。
FAV ThC 有两个温度探头，分别对应于通过电磁阀选择的两个温度设置。
全开（FO）和全闭（FC）微动开关安装在活门上，用于监控。为便于维护，FAV 有一个机械位置指示器和一个螺纹孔，可通过排气螺钉将蝶板锁定在关闭位置。
八、工作参数
– Maximum air supply pressure: 0.9 bar rel. (13.05 psig)
– Maximum air supply temperature:105 °C (221 °F)
– Minimum full opening pressure: 0.55 bar rel. (7.97 psig)
– Ambient temperatures:
• Normal operation: – 40 °C to 205 °C (- 40 °F to 401 °F)
• Limit operating conditions: – 55 °C to 230 °C (- 67 °F to 446 °F)
– Ambient pressure conditions: 0.16 to 1.45 bar abs. (2.33 to 21.03 psia).
九、在飞机系统中的工作原理及互联
The purpose of the engine bleed air supply system is to:
– select one of the two compressor stages of the engine HP compressor in agreement with the supplied pressure
– regulate the bleed air pressure in order to prevent overpressure
– to regulate the bleed air temperature in order to prevent overtemperature.
The engine bleed air system supplies the user systems (refer to 36-10-00) and is monitored by the Bleed Monitoring Computer (BMC).
The engine of each wing normally supply air to one of the two identical air conditioning systems and their associated wing ice protection systems.
Both wing systems operate in parallel.
A shutoff valve designated crossbleed valve normally isolates one system from the other.
发动机引气供应系统的作用是
– 根据供应压力选择发动机 HP 压缩机两级压缩机中的一级
– 调节引气压力，防止压力过高
– 调节引气温度，防止温度过高。
发动机引气系统为用户系统供气（参见 36-10-00），并由引气监控计算机 (BMC) 监控。
每个机翼的发动机通常向两个相同的空调系统中的一个及其相关的机翼防冰系统供气。
两个机翼系统并行运行。
交输活门通常将一个系统与另一个系统隔离。
Temperature limitation system (Ref. Fig. 007)
This sub-system comprises the following components:
– a precooler exchanger
– a fan air valve associated with a control thermostat.
This sub-system enables the aircraft systems to be supplied with air under a normal temperature lower than or equal to 200⁰C. A second level of control at 150⁰C (adjustable) is available. It is activated by the BMC according to the demand of the air conditioning system.
The bleed air is cooled down by modulating the air flow bled from the engine fan through the precooler exchanger. At the precooler exchanger outlet, the control thermostat adjusts the fan air valve control pressure and thereby the valve butterfly position so as to limit the temperature at the above mentioned values.
温度限制系统（参考图 007）
该子系统由以下部件组成：
– 预冷却器交换器
– 一个与控制恒温器相连的FAV。
该子系统可在正常温度低于或等于 200⁰C 的情况下为飞机系统提供空气。第二级控制温度为 150⁰C（可调）。它由 BMC 根据空调系统的需求激活。
通过调节发动机风扇引气流经预冷却器交换器的气流，对引气进行冷却。在预冷却器交换器出口处，控制恒温器调节FAV控制压力，从而调节活门蝶板位置，以便将温度限制在上述值。
TEMPERATURE REGULATION
The pressure used by the ThC is picked off from the outlet of the precooler exchanger. The pressure sent to the FAV opening chamber is modulated by the expansion of the temperature probes.
The normal 200 degrees Celsius temperature demand can be switched to 150 degrees Celsius if requested by the ZC, provided ANTI ICE WING P/B is not selected ON. In this case the solenoid is energized by the BMC and the second probe becomes active.
温度调节
ThC 使用的压力来自预冷却器交换器的出口。送入 FAV 打开腔的压力由温度探头的膨胀调节。
如果 ZC 不选择 ANTI ICE WING P/B 开启，则正常的 200 摄氏度温度需求可切换为 150 摄氏度。在这种情况下，BMC 会给电磁阀通电，第二个探头会处于激活状态。
TEMPERATURE LIMITATION AND OVERHEAT DETECTION
The bleed temperature limitation function overrides the bleed pressure control.
This limitation is activated by the ThS when the bleed temperature exceeds 235 degrees Celsius. The FAV being already fully opened, the ThS will command the Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV) to reduce the bleed air flow in order to lower the temperature.
Above 257 degrees Celsius the PRV is controlled automatically closed by the BMC, the temperature displayed on the ECAM turns to amber and an ECAM message comes up.
温度限制和过热检测
引气温度限制功能优先于引气压力控制。
当排气温度超过 235℃时，ThS 将启动该限制功能。在 FAV 已完全打开的情况下，ThS 将命令压力调节阀 (PRV) 减少引气流量，以降低温度。
超过 257 ℃时，BMC 将控制 PRV 自动关闭，ECAM 上显示的温度变为琥珀色，并显示 ECAM 信息。
TEMPERATURE LIMITATION
The temperature regulation of the bleed air system is carried out by a Fan Air Valve (FAV), which modulates fan airflow through an air-to-air heat exchanger. The FAV is controlled by the BMC through the Control Thermostat (ThC). The temperature regulation gives two temperature settings: 200°C for nominal conditions (solenoid not energized) and 150°C on demand from the air conditioning system if the wing anti-ice system is not operative (solenoid energized). Finally, bleed air is ducted to the bleed air distribution and supply network.
温度限制
引气系统的温度调节由风扇活门 (FAV) 实现，它通过空气-空气热交换器调节风扇气流。FAV 由 BMC 通过控制恒温器 (ThC) 进行控制。温度调节提供两种温度设置：在额定条件下为 200°C（电磁阀不通电），在机翼防冰系统不工作的情况下，根据空调系统的要求为 150°C（电磁阀通电）。最后，引气被输送到引气分配和供应网络。
The temperature of the engine bleed air is regulated to a maximum value. The hot bleed air goes through an air-to-air heat exchanger called the precooler. Fan discharge air modulated by the Fan Air Valve (FAV), blows across the precooler to maintain the temperature within limits. Each BMC monitors the system temperature and will shut down the engine bleed in case of excessive temperature.
发动机引气的温度被调节到最大值。热的引气通过一个称为预冷却器的空气-空气热交换器。由风扇空气活门 (FAV) 调节的风扇排出空气吹过预冷却器，将温度保持在限定范围内。每个 BMC 都会监控系统温度，并在温度过高时关闭发动机引气。
