压力调节活门
一、名称
PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE
压力调节活门（4001HA）或 BLEED VALVE 引气活门
二、件号
6764B030000/6764B040000/6764B060000/6764B080000/6764C010000
三、章节号
36-11-23
四、适用机型
A330
五、系统
36-PNEUMATIC
气源系统
六、安装位置
发动机短舱
七、部件原理
2. Operation
工作
A. General
概述
(1) For different pressure levels on the engine stages, the Valve Bleed receives airflow from the IP stage or the HP stage.
对于发动机级上的不同压力水平，引气活门接收来自IP级或HP级的气流。
(2) The function of the Valve Bleed is to control the air pressure from IP or HP stage to get a downstream pressure permanently regulated at 3.03 to 3.59 bar rel. (44 to 52 psig).
引气活门的功能是控制IP或HP级的空气压力，使下游压力永久调节在3.03-3.59 bar rel.（44-52 psig）。
B. Detailed Operation
详细工作
(1) Operating principle of the complete unit
部件的工作原理
(a) In the absence of air pressure on the upstream side of the Valve Bleed, the butterfly is held in the “CLOSED” position by the load of the spring that keeps the piston against the cover of the pneumatic actuator.
在引气活门上游没有空气压力的情况下，蝶板通过弹簧的负载保持在“关闭”位置，弹簧将活塞保持在气动作动器盖上。
(b) When the air pressure is available at the upstream side of the butterfly valve, this upstream pressure is tapped through the trailing edge probe and transmitted to the regulation system of the Regulator Assy. The upstream pressure then decreases and goes to the regulator closing system. This reduced pressure goes to the Solenoid Thermostat (THS) through the coupling line. When the “C” chamber of the regulator closing system receives the reduced pressure, this reduced pressure goes into the pneumatic actuator opening chamber.
当蝶板上游有空气压力时，该上游压力通过后缘探头分接，并传输至调节器组件的调节系统。然后，上游压力降低并进入调节器关闭系统。该调节压力通过连接管路流向电磁恒温器（THS）。当调节器关闭系统的“C”腔接收到调节压力时，该调节压力进入气动作动器打开室。
(c) The piston then receives on one side the reduced pressure from the opening chamber and, on the other side, the downstream pressure directly from the downstream tapping port of the valve body to the actuator closing chamber. The butterfly valve begins to open.
然后，活塞在一侧接收来自打开腔的调节压力，在另一侧接收直接从活门壳体的下游分接头到作动器关闭腔的下游压力。蝶板开始打开。
(d) When the upstream pressure is equal to 0.55 bar rel. (8 psig), the Valve Bleed opens fully until the upstream pressure is equal to the regulation threshold.
当上游压力等于0.55 bar rel.（8 psig）时，活门完全打开，直到上游压力等于调节阈值。
(e) When the upstream pressure is equal to 3.60 bar rel. (52.21 psig) (regulation threshold), the Valve Bleed moves from the fully open position to adjust the downstream pressure at a constant value of 3.03 to 3.59 bar rel. (44 psig to 52 psig).
当上游压力等于3.60 bar rel.（52.21 psig）（调节阈值）时，活门从全开位置移动，将下游压力调节为3.03-3.59 bar rel.的恒定值（44 psig至52 psig）。
(f) When the Precooler Exchanger outlet temperature is at 235 °C (455 °F), the Solenoid Thermostat (THS) begins to vent the coupling line from the Valve Bleed regulator, it causes a decrease in the reduced pressure supplied in the opening chamber of the pneumatic actuator and, in turn, a change in the butterfly position to decrease the airflow through unit. The Valve Bleed keeps the regulated downstream pressure between 0.96 bar rel. and 1.55 bar rel. (14 psig to 22.5 psig).
当预冷器换热器出口温度为235°C（455°f）时，电磁恒温器（THS）开始排出活门调节器的气体，这会导致气动作动器打开腔中供应的调节压力降低，进而导致蝶板位置的变化，从而减少通过活门的气流。活门将调节后的下游压力保持在0.96 bar rel.-1.55 bar rel.（14 psig至22.5 psig）之间。
(g) If there is a venting condition of the coupling line of the solenoid thermostat (TAS) (fusing of thermal fuse, removal of knurled screw or energizing of Solenoid Thermostat), there is no pressure in the “C” chamber of the regulator closing system, thus it causes the clapper to be against its “upper” seat and stops the supply of the reduced pressure into the opening chamber of the pneumatic actuator.
如果电磁恒温器（TAS）的连接管路存在放气条件（熔断热保险丝、拆除滚花螺钉或通电电磁恒温阀），则调节器关闭系统的“C”腔中没有压力，因此会导致阀芯靠在其“上部”阀座上，并停止向气动作动器的打开室供应调节压力。
(h) The reduced pressure, applies on the spring load against the ball and then flows to the closing chamber of the pneumatic actuator while the opening chamber releases through the hollow clapper of the closing system. This causes the butterfly valve closing.
调节压力作用在弹簧负载上，作用在球体上，然后流向气动作动器的关闭腔，而打开腔通过关闭系统的中空阀芯放气。这会导致蝶板关闭。
八、工作参数
① Ambient Temperatures:
• Normal operation : -40 °C to 205 °C (-40 °F to 401 °F)
• Operating conditions limits : -55 °C to 230 °C (-67 °F to 446 °F).
② Ambient Pressures:
• 0.16 to 1.45 bar abs. (2.30 to 21.14 psia).
③ Max. air supply pressures:
• Normal: 11.3 bar rel. (164 psig)
• Accidental: 39 bar rel. (565 psig).
④ Max. air supply temperatures:
• Normal: 405 °C (761 °F)
• Accidental: 645 °C (1193 °F).
⑤ Min. opening air pressure (crack opening):
• 0.55 bar rel. (8 psig).
⑥ Nominal regulated air pressure:
• 3.03 to 3.59 bar rel. (44 psig to 52 psig).
⑦ Limited regulated air pressure:
• 0.96 to 1.55 bar rel. (14 to 22.5 psig).
九、在飞机系统中的工作原理及互联
The engine bleed-air supply-system is installed in the nacelle and pylon of each engine.
It supplies the bleed air from the Intermediate Pressure (IP) stage or the High Pressure (HP) stage of the engine compressor. If the bleed air supply from the IP stage is not sufficient, the system automatically supplies bleed air from the HP stage. The Intermediate Pressure Check-valve (IPC) and the High Pressure Valve (HPV) control the bleed air supply.
A Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV) controls the pressure of the bleed air supply and keeps the downstream pressure to a specified limit.
The PRV also has the subsequent functions:
– it gives protection to the system if there is an incorrect flow of air,
– it keeps the temperature in limits (e.g. at high bleed-air flow rates).
发动机引气供应系统安装在每台发动机的机舱和吊架中。
它提供来自发动机压缩机的中压（IP）级或高压（HP）级的引气。如果IP级的引气供应不足，系统会自动从HP级供应引气。中压单向活门（IPC）和高压活门（HPV）控制引气供应。
压力调节活门（PRV）控制引气供应的压力，并将下游压力保持在规定的限制内。
PRV还具有以下功能：
-如果气流不正确，它会为系统提供保护，
-它会将温度保持在极限范围内（例如，在高引气流速下）。
The PRV also operates as a shutoff valve if an ENG BLEED pushbutton switch is in the OFF position, or if there is:
– an engine fire,
– an overheat detection,
– an overpressure,
– an overtemperature,
– an incorrect flow of air.
如果ENG BLEED（发动机引气）按钮开关处于OFF（关闭）位置，或者存在以下情况，PRV也可作为关断活门工作：-发动机失火，
-过热检测，
-过压，
-过热，
-气流不正确。
The purpose of the engine bleed air supply system is to:
– select one of the two compressor stages of the engine HP compressor in agreement with the supplied pressure
– regulate the bleed air pressure in order to prevent overpressure
– to regulate the bleed air temperature in order to prevent overtemperature.
The engine bleed air system supplies the user systems and is monitored by the Bleed Monitoring Computer (BMC). The engine of each wing normally supply air to one of the two identical air conditioning systems and their associated wing ice protection systems.
Both wing systems operate in parallel. A shutoff valve designated crossbleed valve normally isolates one system from the other.
发动机引气供应系统的目的是：
-根据供应的压力从发动机HP压缩机的两个压缩机级中选择一个
-调节引气压力以防止超压
-调节引空气温度以防止超温。
发动机引气系统为用户系统供电，并由引气监控计算机（BMC）进行监控。每个机翼的发动机通常向两个相同的空调系统中的一个及其相关的机翼防冰系统供应空气。
两个机翼系统并行工作。一个被称为交输活门的关断活门通常将一个系统与另一个系统隔离开来。
All the engine bleed air is supplied to the pneumatic system through the main engine bleed valve (or Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV)), which acts as a shut off and overall system pressure regulating valve.
Each BMC monitors system pressure and will shut down the engine bleed in case of excessive pressure.
In addition, an OverPressure Valve (OPV) is installed downstream from the bleed valve to protect the system in case of overpressure.
The temperature of the engine bleed air is regulated to a maximum value. The hot bleed air goes through an air-to-air heat exchanger called the precooler. Fan discharge air modulated by the Fan Air Valve (FAV), blows across the precooler to maintain the temperature within limits.
Each BMC monitors the system temperature and will shut down the engine bleed in case of excessive temperature.
所有发动机引气通过主发动机引气活门（或压力调节阀（PRV））供应至气动系统，该活门起到关闭和整个系统压力调节阀的作用。
每个BMC监测系统压力，并在压力过大的情况下关闭发动机引气。
此外，在放气阀的下游安装了一个过压阀（OPV），以在过压情况下保护系统。
发动机引气的温度被调节到最大值。热引气经过一个称为预冷器的空气-空气热交换器。由风扇空气活门（FAV）调节的风扇排放空气流过预冷器，以将温度保持在限制范围内。
每个BMC监测系统温度，并在温度过高的情况下关闭发动机引气。
The function of the PRV is to regulate the engine bleed pressure but it does not ensure pneumatic reverse flow protection. The reverse flow protection is done by the High Pressure bleed Valve (HPV).
The PRV is a butterfly type valve, pneumatically operated and electrically controlled by the ThS. The PRV operates pneumatically in relation with the associated ThS. The Ths is connected to the PRV by a pneumatic sense line and is installed in the duct downstream of the precooler exchanger.
The “Fully Closed (FC)/NOT FC” position is sensed by a microswitch used for monitoring and indicating.
The valve has a ground test port and a mechanical position indicator that has a threaded hole. This threaded hole lets the butterfly be locked in the closed position.
PRV的功能是调节发动机引气压力，但不能确保气动反流保护。反流保护由高压放气阀（HPV）完成。
PRV是一种蝶形阀，由ThS气动操控和电气控制。相关的ThS控制PRV的气动操作。Ths通过气动传感线路连接到PRV，并安装在预冷器交换器下游的管道中。
“Fully Closed (FC)/NOT FC”位置通过微动开关来监测和指示。
该活门有一个地面测试端口和一个带螺纹孔的机械位置指示器。这个螺纹孔可以将蝶形件锁定在关闭位置。
The PRV is normally spring-loaded closed in the absence of upstream pressure. A minimum upstream pressure of 8 psi is necessary to open the valve.
The PRV regulates pneumatically the downstream static pressure to:
– 52 psi maximum,
– 44 psi minimum.
The PRV will reduce the downstream static pressure by the ThS when the temperature downstream of the precooler exchanger is higher than 235 degrees Celsius.
在没有上游压力的情况下，PRV通常是弹簧加载关闭的。打开阀门需要8 psi的最小上游压力。
PRV通过气动方式将下游静压调节至：
-52 psi，最大
-44 psi，最小。
当预冷器交换器下游的温度高于235℃时，PRV通过Ths将使下游静压降低。
If the bleed regulated pressure rises above 60 psi, the BMC detects an overpressure condition and closes the PRV.
如果放气调节压力上升到60 psi以上，BMC检测到过压情况并关闭PRV。
The bleed temperature limitation function overrides the bleed pressure control.
This limitation is activated by the ThS when the bleed temperature exceeds 235 degrees Celsius. The FAV being already fully opened, the ThS will command the Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV) to reduce the bleed air flow in order to lower the temperature.
Above 257 degrees Celsius the PRV is controlled automatically closed by the BMC, the temperature displayed on the ECAM turns to amber and an ECAM message comes up.
引气温度限制功能会强于引气压力控制。
当排放温度超过235℃时，ThS激活该限制。FAV已经完全打开，ThS将命令压力调节活门（PRV）减少引气流量以降低温度。
在257℃以上，PRV由BMC控制自动关闭，ECAM上显示的温度变为琥珀色，并出现ECAM信息。
